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Safety Measures and Practice of Ship Navigation in Restricted Visibility Base on Collision Case Study
Zhongming Hu,
Yijun Liu,
Hao Sun
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
82-87
Received:
11 June 2023
Accepted:
28 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: Maritime transportation is one of the most important modes of freight transportation. The navigation industry has been developing rapidly and the number of ships is increasing day by day. However, the navigable waters are limited, and the increase in the number of ships will inevitably increase the ship traffic density in navigable waters, leading to an increase in the risk of maritime accidents. According to the analysis of the causes of marine accidents in recent years, it is found that many marine accidents occurred in restricted visibility. Ship sailing in poor visibility will easily lead to difficulties in ship lookout, positioning by land marks and identification of targets, thus causing stranding, collision and other marine traffic accidents. Dense fog also affects the propagation of radio waves and acoustic signals, and then affects the normal use of the corresponding navigational equipment, which seriously threatens the safe navigation of ships. The article, by analyzing typical ship collision accidents occurred when the visibility is poor, analyses the cause, feature and regular pattern, and discusses the precautions and safety measures for navigation in poor visibility waters, provides good experience and practice for ship navigators to ensure the safety of ship navigation in poor visibility conditions. It can also play a certain role in prompting young navigators to navigate and manage the ships correctly in poor visibility.
Abstract: Maritime transportation is one of the most important modes of freight transportation. The navigation industry has been developing rapidly and the number of ships is increasing day by day. However, the navigable waters are limited, and the increase in the number of ships will inevitably increase the ship traffic density in navigable waters, leading ...
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Safety Assessment of Multi-Ships Entering and Berthing with Full Consideration of Real Navigation Environment in Complex Waters
Fuquan Fan,
Ronghua Guo,
Deling Wang,
Hejun Geng,
Xiaobin Jiang
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
88-98
Received:
11 June 2023
Accepted:
3 July 2023
Published:
11 July 2023
Abstract: NB port has proposed to build a new NBGB terminal for production needs. The navigational environment of NB port is complex, and the ships between adjacent terminals have obvious influence on each other when entering and berthing. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed terminal's design vessel type entering and berthing, to fully reflect the influence of human factors on the vessel entering and berthing, and to be closer to the real situation of the proposed terminal's later operation, this paper simulates the ships entering and berthing maneuvering at NBGB terminal by using a large ship maneuvering simulator. Based on the real data of port navigation environment, port regulations, traffic density and so on. The simulation test simulates the real scenario of ships entering and berthing maneuvering and simulates the actual situation of the proposed terminal to the maximum extent, and at the same time, considering the mutual influence of ships maneuvering at adjacent berths, the simulation test of multi-ships berthing is carried out simultaneously. It can be demonstrated through simulation tests that the ships entering and berthing operations at adjacent berths during the same window period have little influence on the ships operations at NBGB terminal. Through the analysis of the test results, the rationalization suggestions for the orderly entry and exit of ships in complex waters are proposed, which can provide technical support for the assessment of navigational safety risks and the formulation of traffic organization plans for the entry and exit of ships in the project waters and enhance the safety and security measures and port management level.
Abstract: NB port has proposed to build a new NBGB terminal for production needs. The navigational environment of NB port is complex, and the ships between adjacent terminals have obvious influence on each other when entering and berthing. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed terminal's design vessel type entering and berthing, to fully reflect...
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Quaternion Form of Longitude Latitude and Heading Kinematics Equations
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
99-104
Received:
20 July 2023
Accepted:
8 August 2023
Published:
22 August 2023
Abstract: The kinematics equations of longitude and latitude have singularities in polar of the earth. To solve the problem, a solution called the quaternion form of longitude, latitude and heading kinematics equations was created and introduced in the paper. The key point of the solution is to define an instantaneous great circle for a moving particle. To a moving particle, it is impossible to define three definite Euler angles, thus the definite quaternion to it does not exist. But to the instantaneous great circle, three definite Euler angles can be defined. Meanwhile, the instantaneous great circle is rotating by driving of the moving particle, thus quaternion can be used to model the instantaneous great circle. The model is the kinematics equations of longitude, latitude and heading in quaternion form. This form of equations can be used all over of the earth. It works well on the polar of the earth automatically. Verifying by mathematics simulation has been designed and practiced. The simulation includes some flights around the earth with flying by the polar and turning in polar region. The results of simulation suggest that the flight plan can be executed precisely by the algorithm. The solution can be applied in fields of flight simulation and inertial navigation.
Abstract: The kinematics equations of longitude and latitude have singularities in polar of the earth. To solve the problem, a solution called the quaternion form of longitude, latitude and heading kinematics equations was created and introduced in the paper. The key point of the solution is to define an instantaneous great circle for a moving particle. To a...
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Egress Modeling of Evacuation from Railcar - A Case Study
Yantong Liu,
Ayoung Yun,
Wanxiu Teng,
Yang Gao,
Xin Tian,
Ervin Cui
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
105-112
Received:
17 July 2023
Accepted:
5 August 2023
Published:
28 August 2023
Abstract: Due to the relatively small, confined space and large occupant loads in railcars, the fire protection and life safety in railcar is greatly concerned in the public transportation industry. The object of this study is to evaluate the emergency evacuation from railcars of a metropolitan railway system in the United States as part of the fire hazard analysis in accordance with NFPA 130, “Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems”. The evacuation time of the passengers in the railcars to a location (station or exit path) was analyzed by using a computational egress model Pathfinder, and difference scenarios were assigned in different emergency stop conditions that could affect the evacuation time from the railcars. It was found that the evacuation time with full load passengers in the railcars to station is less than 1 minute. Evacuation at the exit path may take much longer (15-20 minutes). This study is useful to assist the emergency management team of railway operation in preparing the emergency plan. Such as (1) station should be considered as the primary location for emergency evacuation; (2) When evacuation at exit path, it is better to first evacuate the railcar where the accident occurred instead of evacuating the entire train simultaneously. The evacuation results are also used to support the fire-resistant design criteria of the floor assembly, which is required to meet 30-minute criteria of ASTM E119 test by NFPA 130.
Abstract: Due to the relatively small, confined space and large occupant loads in railcars, the fire protection and life safety in railcar is greatly concerned in the public transportation industry. The object of this study is to evaluate the emergency evacuation from railcars of a metropolitan railway system in the United States as part of the fire hazard a...
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